In addition to the actual verb forms, the verb also has forms that can be interpreted as nouns and adjectives. The forms that serve as nouns (less fortunately also called "indefinite tenses"), however, know no distinction in case, number and gender, nor in person and tenses, but rather in time, aspect and subject relationship. The forms that can be regarded as adjectives (also called 'participles') have distinctions in time, aspect and subject relation, as well as in case, number and gender, but not in person and mode.

In the following verses, words are italicized that are translations of verb forms that serve as a noun and an adjective, respectively:
Matt.15:20 the food with unwashed hands does not make a person unclean
Matt.11:18 John has come, not eating

See further at grammar.